Because validation depends only on the inputs being spent and not on global state, fees and outcomes are deterministic: a transaction either succeeds offline before submission or it fails predictably on-chain.
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- UTXOUnspent Transaction Output, the accounting model Cardano shares with Bitcoin where transactions consume whole earlier outputs and create new ones, similar to spending banknotes and getting change back.View term
- Smart ContractSelf-executing code stored on a blockchain that automatically enforces and executes agreement terms when predefined conditions are met.View term
- Native TokenA token created and managed directly on the Cardano blockchain using its built-in token functionality, without requiring smart contracts.View term
- DatumA piece of data attached to a UTxO that a smart contract can read when deciding whether the UTxO can be spent.View term
- RedeemerData supplied by the spending transaction that tells a smart contract what action is being attempted.View term
- Reference InputAn input a transaction reads without consuming, letting a smart contract look at on-chain state without locking it out of other transactions.View term
- Reference ScriptA Plutus script attached once to a UTxO and then referenced (not re-included) by later transactions that need it, whether to spend a script-locked output, run a minting policy, or validate a withdrawal or certificate.View term
- CollateralAn ada amount a wallet locks aside when submitting a Plutus transaction, forfeited only if the script's on-chain validation fails.View term