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VRF

A cryptographic function that produces a verifiably random output; Cardano uses it inside Ouroboros as a private per-slot lottery, letting each pool check whether it won the right to produce a block, fairly and unpredictably.

Because the VRF output is private until revealed, an attacker cannot pre-emptively target the validator who will produce a given block; this is what makes Ouroboros resistant to adaptive-corruption attacks.

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