A blog post by Joseph Fajen from July 2, 2025, details "Project Acropolis," an Input | Output initiative to enhance Cardano's developer accessibility. While acknowledging Cardano's robust security, the post notes its steep learning curve has hindered developer ecosystem growth. Acropolis aims to transition the Cardano node from a monolithic to a modular architecture, enabling developers to build applications directly within the node using familiar tools. This evolution is intended to lower entry barriers, foster innovation, and expand the developer community without compromising Cardano's high-security standards.

On June 20, 2025, Input Output Global (IOG) introduced the Cardano Blueprint, a comprehensive, open-source reference guide to the platform. This living document is designed to be a single source of truth, detailing Cardano's core components, architecture, protocols, and design principles. The Blueprint aims to enhance transparency and accessibility for developers, researchers, and the wider community. By providing a standardized technical reference, it seeks to improve the onboarding process and foster a deeper understanding of Cardano's intricacies.

A blog post by Input Output Global (IOG) from June 06, 2025, details the evolution of the Cardano node from a monolithic application into a modular framework. This transformation breaks the node into smaller, independent components for aspects like consensus, ledger, and networking. The post explains that this modular design enhances flexibility for developers, simplifies updates, and critically, fosters client diversity. By enabling the creation of alternative node clients, this evolution aims to improve the overall resilience of the Cardano network.

In a blog post dated May 19, 2025, Input Output Global (IOG) explains how its Mithril protocol provides lightweight access to the Cardano blockchain. Mithril allows users and applications to verify the state of the chain quickly and securely without downloading its entire history. This is achieved through a stake-based multi-signature scheme where a quorum of stakeholders certifies snapshots of the blockchain. This significantly lowers resource usage, making it ideal for light wallets, mobile applications, and layer 2 solutions.

Input Output Global (IOG) published a blog post on May 09, 2025, detailing native tokens within Cardano's Extended UTXO (EUTXO) model. The post explains how these tokens function without requiring smart contracts for creation or transfer, unlike account-based systems like Ethereum. This design offers enhanced security and reduced transaction fees for users. The article contrasts Cardano's approach with traditional ERC-20 tokens, emphasizing the inherent advantages of its native token implementation.

Input Output Global (IOG) published an update on Ouroboros Leios, presented as a major redesign of Cardano's consensus protocol aimed at significantly increasing transaction throughput and scalability. The post explains how Leios utilizes a novel concurrent structure with specialized block types (input, endorsement, ranking) to enable parallel processing while preserving the security and decentralization of Ouroboros Praos. Currently in the research and development phase, Leios is positioned as a transformative upgrade for Cardano's long-term capacity.

The April 11, 2025, blog post from IOG introduces Ouroboros Peras, an upgrade to the Ouroboros Praos protocol aimed at accelerating transaction settlement on Cardano. Peras reduces settlement times to around two minutes, increasing confidence in transaction finality. It introduces a voting-based chain selection process and certificate system to reach rapid consensus while maintaining security and decentralization. This advancement supports Cardano’s scalability and responsiveness to network demands.

The roundtable discussion features Pi Lanningham and Arnaud Bailly exploring the intricacies of Ouroboros Leios, a blockchain-based technology aimed at enhancing decentralized systems. They delve into Leios's architecture, its potential applications in the tech industry, and the innovative solutions it offers for scalability and security. The conversation also covers the implications of Ouroboros Leios for developers and businesses, highlighting its unique approach to consensus and transaction processing. This insightful dialogue provides a comprehensive understanding of how Leios could revolutionize blockchain technology and its real-world applications.

Ouroboros Genesis, the latest enhancement to Cardano’s consensus protocol, addresses the vulnerabilities of nodes joining or rejoining the network. It introduces concepts like ledger peers, lightweight checkpointing, limits on eagerness (LoE) and patience (LoP), and Genesis density disconnections (GDD). These measures prevent long-range and eclipse attacks, ensuring nodes can securely sync with the blockchain. The first Genesis-capable implementation is expected by Q3 2024, with ongoing optimizations to handle increased peer counts.